Formulas are given for normalizing the limiting relative error of the device. Using the criterion of the aggregate indicator of accuracy and range of the device, the advantage of standardization is shown by an extended formula containing three components of the marginal error: additive, multiplicative and hyperbolic. Such rationing takes into account the hyperbolic non-linearity of the conversion characteristic inherent in devices with parametric converters and many devices with a wide measuring range having a linear-fractional (projective) measurement equation. For instruments with a wide measuring range, it is proposed to use the extended formula for normalizing the limiting relative measurement error.

With the introduction of the new rules for calculating the general house needs in 2017. The transition to full payment of all energy resources consumed by residents of apartment buildings using general household metering devices raised many questions related to the accuracy of the calculation. It is well known that in the absence of automated systems for apartment-based metering in residential buildings and incomplete equipping of apartments with individual appliances, situations often arise when the total house volume of utilities significantly exceeds the total consumption of apartments in the house. The reasons for this excess imbalance may be different. The most likely of them are leaks in pipelines, illegal connections to networks, inconsistency of the standard values with actual consumption. Based on practical material, this article considers another one of the most significant factors affecting the general house needs. This is indirect measurement method when taking into account the general house needs of hot water. The article proposes a method for improving the accuracy of indirect measurements used for commercial accounting of hot water consumption. The method is based on the determination of the amendment to the results of measuring the difference in flows, allowing to evaluate the effect of errors of flowmeters and take this factor into account when further calibrating flowmeters. Consideration is conducted on the example of accounting for the consumption of hot water in a particular residential house.

Coordinates of sources of a radio emission of range of high frequencies using an on-off system azimuth and meridian direction finders are measured by a goniometric method. In the bearing posts active arrays of vertical vibrators and synchronized coherent radio receivers with frequency conversion are used. For minimization of amplitude and phase not identities preliminary calibration of channels of the receiver at frequencies of the taken the bearings signals is executed. By results of measurements average quadratic deviations of coordinates of sources of a radio emission of type of radio stations of meteo-information of airfield networks of the Russian Federation and the neighboring countries, standard frequency stations and time, transmitters of telecode and continuous messages are investigated. The analysis of dependences of achievable accuracy figures of measurements on the space provision of positions of direction finders, lengths of routes and also fluctuations of electro-physical parameters and space distribution of the ionized layers of the atmosphere leading to changes of beam trajectories of distribution and abnormal errors of measurements of the directions of arrival of radio waves to different season and day is carried out. It is shown that in the lower part of range of high frequencies the measurement error of coordinates of sources of a radio emission a goniometric system makes 4.7 %, and in process of approach of frequency to the upper bound of range this indicator increases by 1.2 times. By results of bearing of signals in one point of space and measurements of height of layers of the atmosphere with use of the station of vertical sounding coordinates of sources of a radio emission are determined by a goniometric and range-metering method. Measurements of coordinates of objects by a goniometric and range-metering method can be executed with average quadratic deviation of 11-13 % of range.

The results of solving the problem of identifying the transient response for the relative air humidity sensor based on experimental data are presented. It is shown that the capacitive relative humidity sensor is an integrated microprocessor system that performs joint processing of the readings of the absolute humidity sensor and the temperature sensor. A mathematical model of the relative humidity measurement process is proposed, the parameters of which are identified by experimental data. The transient response of the absolute humidity sensing element and the temperature sensor are specified under the assumption that they correspond to first-order aperiodic links. Based on the relationships of thermodynamics, Arden Buck equation, and given transient functions, analytical dependences are obtained to identify the parameters of the transient response of the relative humidity sensor using experimental data. A number of field experiments were carried out, the results of which were processed and analyzed in accordance with the proposed mathematical model. The effect of anomalous sensor readings was found, which consists in the fact that with simultaneous stepwise changes in humidity and temperature, there may be changes in the sensor readings in the direction opposite to the direction of the actual change in relative humidity. It is established that the cause of the anomalous results of measurements of relative humidity is the presence of a large multiple of the difference between the response time constant of the absolute humidity sensor and the response time constant of the temperature sensor. Measures are proposed to prevent anomalous results of relative humidity measurements resulting from mismatch of response time constants for absolute humidity sensor and temperature sensor.