Application of the theory for double decomposition (physical and canonical) and two-side regularization (the left and right parts of the system of linear equations) are considered for solution of an ill-conditioned inverse problem of space geodesy. The problem is related with transforming coordinates of ground reference points coordinates of the local satellite geodetic networks to the state reference frame. The variant of F. R. Helmert`s decomposed model and the adaptive algorithm of regularization for solution of an ill-conditioned reverse problem are proposed.

The possible means to achieve the high accuracy reproduction of decay setpoints of optical radiation in the fiber-optic attenuators with discreet dampers are considered. The design-technological and algorithmic methods for decreasing of discrete dampers errors were applied.

Metrological problems, that are arise at measurement by pyrometers of real objects, whose emissivity are different from 1 and may vary with changes in wavelength, have been considered. The methods of correction of the CT-Ratio pyrometers have been analyzed. The violation of the traceability in pyrometers with a built-in technics of adjustments to the State рrimary temperatures unit standard, have been revealed and recommendations for traceability`s re-establishment are given.

The principle of operation of generators based on direct digital synthesis (DDS-generators) of signals is described. It is shown that, at the generator output, the signals are generally quasiperiodic. Quasiperiodicity causes a change in the amplitude, period, and appearance of distortions in the output voltage, ie, the appearance of methodological errors. Even with the improvement of the hardware of digital DDS-generators, methodological errors will determine the ultimate metrological characteristics. Calculation of methodical errors is carried out by means of calculation of the signal spectrum.

The principles of constructing measuring transducers are considered on the basis of the representation of the human body as a system with variable in time parameters. Formed a set of basic parametric measuring converters is formed, which includes several types of converters of medical and biological parameters characterizing the state of the human body into an electrical signal.