The properties of nonparametric estimation of the distribution function and maximum likelihood estimates of distribution parameters by interval data were considered. Samples of interval observations arise in situations, when the exact value of the observation is unknown, but it is known only the interval to which the value belongs. The investigation of statistical properties of estimates of distribution function and its parameters by interval data has been carried out with statistical simulation technique in comparison with estimates obtained by the samples of the midpoints of the observation intervals was conducted.

Theoretical grounds of the method for solution of ill-conditioned reverse problems in mathematical-statistical processing of measurement information in presence of unavoidable errors of measurings and mathematical model of investigated object are considered. The method is based on double decomposition of the original object model represented in the form of linear equation system - both physical as canonical, and also on the two-side regularization for solution of canonical (diagonal) system of equations . It is shown that this method allows creating an adaptive algorithm for recognition and stable estimation of a group of informative parameters of a physically decomposed model.

The method of hyperspectral data processing based on subtraction of noisy effect of the first-order derivative of signal is developed. The criterion for determining of optimum compromise removal of noisy signals and low informative components of signal of hyperspectrometers upon analysis of first-order derivative of these signal is proposed. The formula for determination of hyperspectral data information content is obtained, and the possibility for optimization of that content by utilization of the Euler-Lagrange equation is shown.

Metrological problems arising at temperature measurements by pyrometers of the real objects, whose emissivity is different from 1 and may vary with changes in wavelength, have been considered. The methods of correction of the CT-Ratio pyrometers have been analyzed. The violation of the pyrometers with a built-in techniques of adjustments traceability to the State primary measurement standard of the temperature unit, have been revealed and the recommendations for traceability`s restoration are given.

The above parameters of heart rhythm and method of primary processing of electrocardiograms. The comparative analysis of dependences of a standard deviation and informational entropy of a real and virtual cardiac rhythm diagrams is carried out in view of digitization frequency. The model of a cardiac rhythm regulation and control is offered and the correction of the numerical qualifier of functional state levels is carried out.